Age Influences the Severity of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Article Outline
This study compared the ocular manifestations of Graves' disease in different age groups and between genders. This was a retrospective study with a chart review of 210 patients seen in the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Ophthalmology Department from 1990 to 2006. Clinical manifestations were recorded, scored, and compared between different age groups and between genders. A total of 77 male and 133 female patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 48.71 years (53.80 for male and 45.77 for female patients). The average ophthalmopathy score was 3.72 (4.51 for male and 3.26 for female patients). Age was positively correlated with ophthalmopathy score (p < 0.01). The male patients scored higher than the female patients, generally and in different age groups, but the difference did not reach a statistically significant level. One hundred and six patients underwent tests for thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb); 92 (86.80%) were positive, but the titers did not correlate with the severity of ophthalmopathy. In conclusion, the severity of Graves' ophthalmopathy is correlated with age (r = 0.286). Thus, older patients should be more closely followed up and more aggressively treated.
Key Words: age , gender , Graves' ophthalmopathy , TSH receptor antibody (TRAb)
No full text is available. To read the body of this article, please view the PDF online.
References
- . Endocrine ophthalmopathy: current ideas concerning etiology pathogenesis and treatment . Endocr Rev . 1984;5:200–220
- Studies on the occurrence of ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease . Acta Endocrinol . 1989;120:473–478
- . Classification of eye changes of Graves' disease . Thyroid . 1992;2:235–236
- Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach . Br J Ophthalmol . 1989;73:639–644
- Differentiation of autoimmune ophthalmopathy from Graves' hyperthyroidism by genetic markers . Clin Endocrinol . 1988;28:601–610
- Age and gender influence the severity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a study of 101 patients attending a combined thyroid-eye clinic . Clin Endocrinol . 1993;38:367–372
- . Dysthyroid ophthalmopathy in children . J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 1979;16:105–107
- . Dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Clinical profile and rationale for management . Arch Ophthalmol . 1978;96:1199–1209
- . Graves' disease. Pathogenesis . In: Werner SC , Ingbar SH , Braverman LE , et al. editor. Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid . 8th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; 2000;p. 518
- . The thyrotropin receptors spread themselves around . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1994;79:1234–1238
- TSH receptor transcripts and TSH receptor-like immunore-activity in orbital and pretibial fibroblasts of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxedema . Thyroid . 1997;7:3–12
- Analysis of human thyrotropin receptor gene expression and immuno-reactivity in human orbital tissue . Eur J Endocrinol . 1997;136:599–607
- Identification of thyroglobulin in orbital tissues of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy . Thyroid . 2001;1:165–166
- . Abnormal responses in the assay of thyrotrophin . Proc Univ Otago Med Sch . 1956;34:11–12
- . Smoking and risk of Graves' disease . JAMA . 1993;269:479–482
- . Smoking and thyroid disorders-a meta-analysis . Eur J Endocrinol . 2002;146:153–161
- Does smoking increase relapse rates in Graves' disease? . J Endocrinol Invest . 2002;25:152–157
- . Relationship between cigarette smoking and Graves' ophthalmopathy . J Endocrinol Invest . 2004;27:265–271
- . Influence of smoking on Graves' disease with or without ophthalmopathy and nontoxic nodular goiter in Taiwan . J Formos Med Assoc . 1994;93:40–44
- . Advice against smoking is not effective in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy . Acta Med Austriaca . 2003;30:59–60
- . Management of Graves' ophthalmopa-thy . Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab . 2007;3:396–404
PII: S1607-551X(08)70154-2
doi:10.1016/S1607-551X(08)70154-2
© 2008 Elsevier. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
