Comparison of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy with Open Surgery for Adrenal Tumors

The role of laparoscopy in the management of adrenal tumors is well established. However, there are very few head-to-head comparisons between laparoscopic and open methods at the same institution. We retrospectively evaluated the operative and postoperative parameters of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors and compared the results with those of traditional open adrenalectomy. Eighty-eight patients with adrenal tumors underwent adrenalectomy between January 1997 and October 2008 at our institute. Clinical data were retrospectively collected after assigning the patients into Group I (n = 51), who underwent the laparoscopic method, and Group II (n = 37), who underwent the traditional open method, by reviewing the patients' charts and related data. Patients in Group I experienced significantly less blood loss (88.6 ± 93.0 mL vs. 321.4 ± 265.4mL, p < 0.01), shorter hospital stay (6.7 ± 4.3 days vs. 11.3 ± 5.4 days, p < 0.01) and earlier oral intake (1.5 ± 0.6 daysvs. 2.2 ± 0.8 days, p < 0.01) postoperatively. In Group I, eight patients had adrenal tumors larger than 6 cm and no statistically significant differences were found compared with the other patients in Group I. Two patients in Group I had malignancies and no local or port site recurrence was found at regular follow-up. There was no mortality in either group. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive approach with the advantages of better cosmesis, less blood loss, shorter hospital stay and more rapid recovery. We recommend that laparoscopic adrenalectomy is considered as the gold standard procedure for adrenal tumors, irrespective of whether the tumor is benign or malignant.

Key Words:  adrenalectomy , adrenal tumor , laparoscopy , pheochromocytoma

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